离子色谱法测定冰川末端大气PM2.5可溶性离子及其来源解析     

崔晓庆  任贾文  王泽斌  余光明  岳广洋 《冰川冻土》2019,41(3):574-578

为了研究祁连山西段冰川末端地区大气PM_2.5细粒子中可溶性无机离子组分的变化特征,于2011年采集了一批大气PM_2.5的Telfon滤膜样品,并应用离子色谱对可溶性离子进行了分析。样品采用超纯水超声萃取各种水溶性离子,优化的萃取溶液体积为25 mL,萃取时间为30 min,萃取液用0.45μm纤维滤膜过滤,各种离子在一定浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r>0.999。所测样品的阴阳离子中,SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、Ca²⁺、和NH₄⁺的质量浓度约占到水溶性离子总量的88%。可溶性离子浓度呈现出春夏高、秋冬低的季节变化特征,夏季可溶性离子浓度最高。  相似文献   

土壤中添加生物炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的迁移锁定作用研究     

景明  李烨  陈盈余  陈家玮 《现代地质》2014,28(6):1194-1201

生物炭应用在土壤中具有CO₂减排、改善土壤性质等作用,研究表明生物炭土壤有助于农作物产量和质量的提高,同时对污染物有较好的吸附效果,能控制其迁移,但对于近年关注的土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)和生物炭的作用研究却很少。通过土柱淋滤实验,研究土壤中添加生物炭后对Cr(Ⅵ)的迁移影响,特别是对其进行模拟酸雨淋滤实验,进一步研究了生物炭土壤对Cr(Ⅵ)的锁定效果。结果表明：仅施加1%的生物炭,就能够大幅度提高土壤系统固定Cr(Ⅵ)的能力,小粒径生物炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附固定能力更加明显,在一定条件下是大粒径的固定吸附量的3倍,在酸雨淋滤作用下也不易解吸,说明生物炭的添加能有效抑制Cr(Ⅵ)在土壤中的迁移,起到原位锁定的作用,这对农田土壤开发治理提供了重要手段和依据。  相似文献   

Experimental and numerical study of a self‐centering prestressed concrete moment resisting frame connection with bolted web friction devices          下载免费PDF全文

Liang‐long Song  Tong Guo  Cheng Chen 《地震工程与结构动力学》2014,43(4):529-545

The self‐centering prestressed concrete (SCPC) moment resisting frame (MRF) with web friction devices (WFDs) is a new type of structure that integrates advantages of post‐tensioned precast concrete MRFs and self‐centering steel MRFs. In this paper, the configuration of the connection and design guidelines are presented. To further reduce damage to the connection under cyclic loading and facilitate implementation in practice, several significant improvements are proposed and experimentally validated in this study, including the following: (i) the welded connection is replaced by the bolted connection; (ii) aluminum plates are used for friction instead of brass plates to reduce the material costs without decreasing the energy dissipation capacity; and (iii) post‐tensioned tendons at the corners of the beam are replaced by a bundle of tendons at the beam centroid in order to facilitate the field assembly. The resulting improvements of seismic performances are experimentally demonstrated by 10 cyclic tests of two full‐scale SCPC beam–column connections. Numerical simulation of the proposed connection is conducted using the Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (OpenSees) to replicate the experimental results. Seismic behaviors are taken into account, such as the gap opening/closing at the beam–column interface, the self‐centering capacity, and the friction energy dissipation. Good agreement is observed between the numerical simulation and the test results. The proposed SCPC connection with bolted WFDs is demonstrated to have good performance when subjected to cyclic loading. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Shake‐table tests of a reinforced concrete frame designed following modern codes: seismic performance and damage evaluation          下载免费PDF全文

Amadeo Benavent‐Climent  David Escolano‐Margarit  Leandro Morillas 《地震工程与结构动力学》2014,43(6):791-810

This paper presents shake‐table tests conducted on a two‐fifths‐scale reinforced concrete frame representing a conventional construction design under current building code provisions in the Mediterranean area. The structure was subjected to a sequence of dynamic tests including free vibrations and four seismic simulations in which a historical ground motion record was scaled to levels of increasing intensity until collapse. Each seismic simulation was associated with a different level of seismic hazard, representing very frequent, frequent, rare and very rare earthquakes. The structure remained basically undamaged and within the inter‐story drift limits of the ‘immediate occupancy’ performance level for the very frequent and frequent earthquakes. For the rare earthquake, the specimen sustained significant damage with chord rotations of up to 28% of its ultimate capacity and approached the upper bound limit of inter‐story drift associated with ‘life safety’. The specimen collapsed at the beginning of the ‘very rare’ seismic simulation. Besides summarizing the experimental program, this paper evaluates the damage quantitatively at the global and local levels in terms of chord rotation and other damage indexes, together with the energy dissipation demands for each level of seismic hazard. Further, the ratios of column‐to‐beam moment capacity recommended by Eurocode 8 and ACI‐318 to guarantee the formation of a strong column‐weak beam mechanism are examined. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Preconcentration and Determination of Endocrine Disruptor Pesticides in Well Water by Solidified Floating Organic Drop Microextraction          下载免费PDF全文

Füsun Okçu Pelit  Levent Pelit  Ceren Alaca  Hasan Ertaş  Fatma Nil Ertaş 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(9):1284-1291

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Stability and changes in astaxanthin ester composition from Haematococcus pluvialis during storage     

苗凤萍  耿亚洪  卢大炎  左进城  李夜光 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(6):1181-1189

In this paper, we investigated the effects of temperature, oxygen, antioxidants, and corn germ oil on the stability of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis under different storage conditions, and changes in the composition of astaxanthin esters during storage using high performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry. Oxygen and high temperatures （22-25~C） significantly reduced the stability of astaxanthin esters. Corn germ oil and antioxidants （ascorbic acid and vitamin E） failed to protect astaxanthin from oxidation, and actually significantly increased the instability of astaxanthin. A change in the relative composition of astaxanthin esters was observed after 96 weeks of long-term storage. During storage, the relative amounts of free astaxanthin and astaxanthin monoesters declined, while the relative amount of astaxanthin diesters increased. Thus, the ratio of astaxanthin diester to monoester increased, and this ratio could be used to indicate if astaxanthin esters have been properly preserved. If the ratio is greater than 0.2, it suggests that the decrease in astaxanthin content could be higher than 20%. Our results show that storing algal powder from H. pluvialis or other natural astaxanthin products under vacuum and in the dark below 4~C is the most economical and applicable storage method for the large-scale production of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis. This storage method can produce an astaxanthin preservation rate of at least 80% after 96 weeks of storage.  相似文献   

含水层压密引起其特征参数变化的实验     

陈荣波  束龙仓  鲁程鹏  李伟 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2013,43(6):1958

水文地质参数在含水层压密过程中不断变化,这是诸多地面沉降模型实际应用中的难点之一。就含水层压密对水文地质参数的影响开展了初步的实验,结果表明,压密前后含水层的渗透系数和给水度发生了较大的变化。其中：渗透系数随模拟含水层介质压密过程的变化几乎呈线性的减小趋势,线性拟合决定系数为0.959 2~0.997 1;给水度随着含水层的压实而表现出下降的趋势较为复杂,随介质类型的不同而有差异。渗透系数和给水度的下降速度在不同介质中也有一定的差异。在本研究的实验模型尺度下,给水度和渗透系数呈现一定的线性正相关关系,一次线性相关函数斜率为0.001 3~0.005 1,截距为0.011 6~0.038 1,基本相近且在相同数量级。  相似文献   

强风化花岗岩动力学参数的试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

宋全杰  李海波  李俊如  曲宏远  张伟  付河东 《岩土力学》2013,34(4):1031-1036

地震反应分析通常采用等效非线性模型,动剪切模量G和阻尼比λ是该模型的两个重要参数。为研究目前在大型工程建设中遇到越来越多的强风化花岗岩的动力特性,利用固定-自由型共振柱（GDS RCA）对强风化花岗岩的剪切模量和阻尼比进行试验研究。GDS RCA为一种国际上广泛应用的共振柱,具有良好的性能,利用其控制试样的固结围压和孔隙水压力,可以测得试样在不同有效应力状况下的动剪切模量和阻尼比。对比研究不同有效应力下共振频率、动剪切模量和阻尼比随剪应变的变化情况,给出其变化曲线。按照Hadin-Drnevich[1]所提出的双曲线模型,拟合动剪切模量比和阻尼比随剪应变的变化曲线。利用摩擦理论,对试样阻尼的产生机制进行探讨。试验结果表明,随着剪应变的增加,试样系统的共振频率随之减小,试样阻尼比随之增大;试样的动剪切模量和阻尼比皆与试样固结时的有效应力有关,而试样阻尼比也受孔隙水压力的影响。  相似文献   

应用OpenSees计算双钢管高强砼柱的水平力—位移滞回曲线   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李宁波  钱稼茹  纪晓东  赵作周  叶列平 《地震学刊》2014,(5):606-612

应用OpenSees计算外方内圆复合钢管高强混凝土柱（简称双钢管高强混凝土柱）的水平力—位移滞回曲线。分析了双钢管高强混凝土柱的单元和截面纤维划分。钢管材料采用双线性模型Steel02,混凝土模型采用Concrete02,圆钢管内和钢管之间的混凝土采用Susantha模型,考虑钢管对混凝土的约束作用,计算得到的水平力—位移滞回曲线与试验结果符合较好。在此基础上,应用OpenSees对双钢管高强混凝土柱进行参数影响分析,讨论了轴压比、方钢管壁厚（宽厚比）、径宽比、径厚比对双钢管高强混凝土柱抗震性能的影响。结果表明：增大轴压比,延性降低;增大方钢管壁厚（减小宽厚比）,水平承载力增大;增大圆钢管直径和壁厚,有助于提高双钢管高强混凝土柱的竖向和水平承载力能力,增大耗能能力。  相似文献   

钢筋混凝土柱横向抗力的理论计算方法     

陈力  方秦  阮征  高飞 《地震学刊》2014,(3):377-382

为了研究钢筋混凝土（RC）柱的横向抗力特性,基于RC梁面力效应的全量应变理论进行改进,考虑了柱轴向荷载和端部约束作用。通过RC柱截面应力和弯矩关系,并基于轴力平衡,建立了轴向荷载与截面中性轴的关系方程;继而基于轴向荷载中性轴关系方程、变形协调关系和虚功原理,建立了横向均布荷载作用下RC柱的抗力方程。对方程进行解析求解,最终建立了计算RC柱横向抗力特性的非线性理论方法,并得到了RC柱横向抗力和位移关系的解析表达式。将该理论方法的计算结果与有限元计算结果进行分析比较的结果表明,本文所建立的方法能够正确反映轴向和横向荷载联合作用下RC柱的横向变形与抗力的关系。该理论模型的建立可为进一步的RC柱抗爆动力分析奠定基础。  相似文献